41 Late Night Work At Home Jobs That Pay Well – $1000/Week

Jul 24th 2021

41 Late Night Work At Home Jobs That Pay Well – $1000/Week

There were days back in history when people had to commute to the place of work but now it has changed. With different kinds of necessities of both individuals and companies, have aroused different kinds of working ways. Starting from remote-jobs, work from home jobs, etc now there is an opportunity to work from any corner of the world. Though it sounds easy to work from home, it is not as easy every time. The reasons for this are familiar to everyone. Several distractions will not lead you to concentrate properly at work. Some of the commonly seen distractions are:

  • you might have another job and might be doing this one as a side hustle
  • or you might have kids to handle at home.

Like these, there may be many other reasons that would disturb your work from home job. The only solution to this would be to work during nights when you are free. Use all the day to fulfill your primary duties and eat, rest as much as you can and work in the nights or early morning hours without any diversions. But you might be wondering will the companies be okay with this or what if they have fixed timings. Don’t worry I have got you sorted. In this article, I am going to list the companies which offer late-night work at home jobs or allow their remote workers to do their job at nights.

What Should We Look For While Searching For A Part-Time Job?

While searching for a part-time job or full-time job, it is important to cross-check the below factors and take decisions accordingly.

  1. High-income potential,
  2. Sustainability,
  3. Time and location flexibility,
  4. Beginner friendliness.

And the jobs/opportunities we have mentioned below satisfy all these factors. So, now it’s your turn to pick the right job that might fit your requirements.

High-Potential Late Night Work At Home Jobs

1. Editing / Proofreading Jobs:

Earning Potential: $15 – $30+ an hour.

Proofreading is the process of finding and fixing the spelling, grammar, format, and punctuation errors in the given content to ensure the accuracy of the content. As a proofreader, you will be given some prewritten content in the text format and your job is to figure out the mistakes while reviewing it. It is the job of an Editor to fix the errors/mistakes and make the final draft free from errors. Well, some offer both the services combined and some are not. Both of these jobs can be done at home especially in your free time like evenings and nights. And talking about the demand, these two jobs have immense demand all over the world as the number of online businesses increasing every day. Mainly the Media houses, publishing organizations, and other businesses require proofreaders to maintain the quality and professionalism of their work. So, if you think you have great English language skills and like to correct the mistakes in the given content, then proofreading is the solution for your side job search.

How To Become A Freelance Proofreader?

Well, there are several proven ways to become one but the TIME is a key factor here. Everybody needs quick results. If you decide to learn everything on your own, you may lose your motivation before landing on a real job.For me, the best way to move forward is finding a coach or a person who is very successful in the field first, and then following their formula to attain quick and promised results. That’s why I recommend everyone attend this FREE Proofreading Workshop by Caitlin Pyle, who made $43,000 in the first year of her proofreading career and now making six-figures every month.

After having great success as a proofreader, now she is teaching people to achieve the same success in the proofreading industry. Thousands of students who have enrolled in this course already started earning thousands of dollars by working full-time and part-time. Check the success stories of students here. This is the easiest way to learn the concepts and get a legit work from home proofreading job. So signup for Proofread Anywhere Free Workshop to gain the required knowledge which could make you successful in this field.

Best Platforms for Proofreaders:

  1. ProofreadingPal
  2. ProofreadingServices
  3. Wordvice
  4. Wordy
  5. PolishedPaper

2. Get Paid To Share Your Opinion:

Earning Potential: Up to $50 per each survey.

Sharing your valuable opinion on products, services through online surveys, and getting paid for that is the new trend these days.

Before releasing new products into the market, some companies want to hear customers’ thoughts, so they hire third-party platforms to conduct online surveys. Your given feedback helps companies to shape their product for the best customer experience when it gets released. That’s why companies pay people to participate in online surveys and that’s how the survey industry works. Online surveys worth participation and they supplement your income if done in the right way. Though there are several scammy survey portals online to waste your efforts, it takes efforts to find a legitimate platform. Here are a few legitimate survey platforms that pay real cash for taking surveys and doing many other activities like playing games, watching videos, etc.

1. SurveyJunkie: ($1 – $50 per each survey)

  • 4.5/5 stars rating on Trustpilot
  • More than 8 million registered users
  • High acceptance rate
  • Refer & Earn $1.50/Person.

Join SurveyJunkie here.

2. InboxDollars ($5 Signup bonus)

  • High paying surveys,
  • Also get paid to watch videos, play games
  • Get free gift cards
  • Nearly paid $60 Million in cash rewards

Join InboxDollars here.

3. Vindale Research (Up to $50 each survey)

  • $2 signup bonus for all new users
  • Earn up to $50 per each survey
  • $5 per each referral, $5 per sharing payment proof
  • Also get paid to read emails, watch videos.

Signup for Vindale Research here.

4. Pinecone Research

  • $3 – $5 per each successful survey,
  • $5 – $7 per each product test
  • Free products/samples

Join Pinecone Research here.

5. OpinionCity

  • Browse all high paying surveys at one place
  • Combines different survey platforms in one place
  • Earn up to $100 per each survey.

Signup for OpinionCity here.

These above-mentioned platforms are the best and legitimate if you want to make money through online surveys in your free time. To make more out of these platforms, I recommend you to signup for multiple platforms and choose the highest paying offers available every time.

3. Become A Virtual Assistant:

Earning Potential: $35 – $100 an hour.

Virtual Assisting is another great opportunity for night owls and side hustlers to find work at home jobs to hustle at late at night. For those who don’t know what does the virtual assisting mean, A virtual assistant (Also called VA) is a person who provides diverse services from home to help other people or business owners.

These services include

  1. Email writing
  2. Social media management
  3. Admin work
  4. Content writing or editing
  5. Graphics designing

You can also offer other services that aren’t mentioned above. If you want to know what and how many services you can offer as a VA, I suggest you check this list of 150+ virtual assisting services that you can offer to your clients. As a virtual assistant, you’ll work with both companies or individual business owners. Some companies hire you as a remote employee while other companies or business owners may want you to work as a contractor. On average, a VA from North America earns between $35 and $50. Depending on your expertise and the type of service offered, you can charge as much as $100 an hour.

How To Get Started as a VA?

If you love this job to work at late nights or in free time slots for some side income, then this 30 Days Or Less To Virtual Assistant Success Course will be your pathfinder. Gina Horkey is a successful VA who is currently earning six-figures from her business. She is teaching the aspiring VAs to set up their own VA business and become successful. Horkey Handbook Course has helped thousands of people to become successful virtual assistants within 30 days of taking the course. If they can achieve, why can’t you? For late-night or weekend side hustles like you, this is a great opportunity to make $50 – $100 /day by dedicating just 2-3 hours every day. Join this Gina’s Horkey Hand Book Course here and start making a side income in less than 30 days.

Best Platforms To Find VA Jobs:

  1. Fancy Hands
  2. Time Etc
  3. Assistant Match
  4. Virtual Office VA

4. Freelance Writing Jobs

Earning Potential: $50 – $1000 per article.

Simply, a freelance writer is someone who doesn’t belong to a specific company, offers writing services to blogs, websites, publications, magazines, and more. And to excel in this job, you don’t need to be a poet or rhetoric. Anyone can ace this business with determination and practice. In this time of digitalization, it is very easy to find freelance writing gigs if you have the required skill set. As per PayScale.com, a freelance writer earns somewhere between $24,000 and $115,000 a year. And there are some people who started as part-time writers and went beyond these figures.

How To Get Started As A Freelance Writer?

Well, if you are ready to step into this side hustle, follow Holly Johnson’s strategy which helped her to scale her part-time writing business to $200,000 per year. Her FREE Workshop is a helpful resource for many people and aspiring writers to become a successful freelance writer with absolutely no experience. In her course, Holly has included basic to advanced level modules, printable worksheets, and other useful stuff like

  • How to choose your niche
  • How to build your portfolio
  • Ways to find clients
  • How to scale your business to six-figures and more.

Join Holly’s FREE Workshop & Start Your $200,000/year Writing Business.

5. Teach English Online With VIPKID

Earning Potential: Up to $24 per hour.

This is an online English teaching and educational company. It hires native English speakers to teach English to Chinese children. All the online teaching jobs they offer are remote. Since China is at the extreme east of the globe it would be easy for anyone who joins VIPKID to work with them at any time they wish. They also offer you the flexibility to set the schedule for yourselves. So this is one of the best late-night work at home jobs one can resort to. Another criterion is that you need not necessarily know any foreign language nor formal teaching. However, you need to have a formal degree to be considered. How To Get Started With VIPKid?

All you have to do is signup on their website, take a short test, and then a demo with an already existing teacher. There is no tension in lesson planning, you can teach whatever you feel like. So you need not take any extra time to prepare. You can work hassle-free with one on one teaching. Pay: One can easily earn $15-$22 per hour. Since you decide the number of hours you wish to work, your pay will vary accordingly. Great opportunity right! So signup now on the VIPKID website and grab the opportunity.

If VIPKids is not your favorite, then give Magic Ears a try. This is another company to teach English online and the pay rates are around $20 – $26 an hour.

6. Make Money Blogging

Earning Potential: $1000 – $100,000 (depends)

Blogging is for people who don’t like to work under any company or a person. Since it is your own side hustle, you can work whenever you want. A blogger is someone who writes articles on a particular topic in which she/he most interested and publishes the content on their blog regularly. The content will mostly be in the text format but in some cases, it could also be a video. There are several ways to make money from your blog when you get a good number of daily readers to your blog. Like display ads, affiliate products, email marketing, sponsored posts, and more. The income you will get from blogging is completely passive, so you don’t need to work actively to get paid. Once you start earning money from it, it will keep making money consistently even you are sleeping or traveling around the world or no matter what you are doing. All need to do is set up a blog first, find a topic which you are most interested in, and create more pieces of quality content around the topic.

Here are some most profitable blog niches

  1. Health
  2. Fitness
  3. Lifestyle
  4. Cooking
  5. Travel
  6. Finance
  7. Parenting and more.

As a blogger with more than 2 years of experience and a successful journey, I’ll say you can make anywhere between $500 – $100,000+ per month. But it also depends on some factors like audience size, your niche, how big is your blog, and more.

How To Start a Blog And Make Money From It?

I think everyone should give a try to blogging because who knows who you can be. There are a lot of people who started their blogs just for fun and now making millions. I also started it as a part-time but it is paying me more than my full-time job ever does.

Take a look at this Earn More Blogging Free Workshop by Greg Johnson, a successful blogger who made nearly half a million dollars last year from his own blog. This workshop is truly worth your time and I am sure you’ll learn some awesome facts and secrets about blogging. Signup Now and Start Making Money From Your Blog.

7. Try Freelance Transcription Jobs:

Earning Potential: Up to $30 an hour.

Have you ever watched a movie that wasn’t made in your mother tongue? Maybe you have watched it with the help of subtitles, right? If you ever wonder what transcription really is, then you got your answer right above. It is nothing but typing the audio or video files into text format while listening to them. This service mostly required in the Medical, and Legal industries and you can also offer this service as a general transcriptionist if you want. You can work from home as a transcriptionist without losing your benefits like flexible timings, zero commute time, and more. The main requirement for this job is typing speed and accuracy.

If you can manage to type at the required speed with accuracy, then there are a number of websites to find online transcription jobs.

How To Become A Transcriptionist?

Have thoughts of trying transcription? If you think this job is the right fit for your free time, I recommend you to learn the required knowledge through this TranscribeAnywhere Course.Transcription veteran Janet from TranscribeAnywhere has curated all her experience and proven transcription education into this course to help people like you to find jobs/clients easily and make a living.

Check out her General Transcription Theory & Practice Course to begin your transcription career.

Best Platforms To Find Transcription Jobs:

  1. GMR Transcription
  2. AccuTran Global
  3. Quicktate
  4. Rev
  5. Tigerfish

8. Become A Website/Product Tester:

Earning Potential: $10 – $100 per each review.

Product testing is another one of the best late-night work at home jobs. Companies share the samples of upcoming products with testers to gather their genuine feedback. As a tester, you’ll get paid to use these products and leave your honest feedback. Best? In some cases, you don’t need to return the products. You can keep them for free. Interesting right? Check out these below platforms and keep an eye on when they are giving products away. Besides, you can also get paid either on an hourly basis or on per review based.

1. Pinecone Research

This is another popular survey platform available on the web where you can work whenever you want to make money. You get to test products too apart from surveys. Pinecone Research sometimes pays cash and sometimes pays in the form of Amazon or Walmart gift cards. You can earn $3-$5 per each survey you complete and $7 per each product you test. The best thing is that you will also get to keep the product for free after testing.

2. ProductTesting

ProductTesting is an Australian based company that hires people to test upcoming gadgets, vacuum cleaners, and more interesting products. Once your review is accepted, this platform allows you to keep the product for free.

3. UserTesting

This is another platform where you can make money by testing different products. All you need to do is visit a website or app, complete a set of tasks, and get paid for your work. You can earn up to $60 per test at UserTesting. These tests don’t even last for more than 20 minutes. So it is a great chance to earn good money in less time.

4. Userlytics

This is a user testing platform that offers feedbacks to brands, companies, apps, or websites with the help of the studies made by the users themselves. Userlytics can be a fun way to earn money if you are interested in testing apps or websites. You can earn starting from $5 to $10, $15, $20, and more up to $90 per test here. Simply you need to register on their website to get started. This is open globally and allows you to work whenever you wish.

9. Try Amazon FBA:

Earning Potential: $100,000+ every year.

There are several ways to make money on Amazon, and FBA is the best on the list.

Amazon FBA means “Fulfillment By Amazon“. FBA is a great business opportunity for those people who don’t like to put their efforts into hourly jobs and who want to start their own side business. Amazon FBA is a service that allows sellers, or small scale business owners to sell their products on Amazon. As a seller, you need to send products to Amazon. This platform store your products and take care of the shipping and delivery process when someone places an order. To do this, Amazon charges a small portion of your earnings as maintenance cost but it worth paying as this platform is taking care of the hardest part of this business.

How To Start Amazon FBA Business? Amazon FBA is a profitable business and a full-time career for a lot of people around the world. This e-commerce giant has more than 3 million sellers worldwide. If you are curious about this business but don’t have a grain of knowledge, you can still do it by following the Pros and successful people. Take a look at how Jessica from The Selling Family has made a whopping $100,000 profit by working 20 hours or less a week. Join her FREE 7-Day Course to learn the necessary things to launch a successful Amazon FBA Business.

Freelance Platforms To Find Late Night Work At Home Jobs:

10. Fiverr

Fiverr is a bridge connecting freelancers with businesses. There are jobs in almost 300+ categories here. You can be doing anything starting from writing services to web designing and find opportunities here. Based on your knowledge and skillset, you can offer any kind of service under these categories. This platform works on a GIG based model. So, you need to create gigs for your services and people who are searching for freelancers will come to this platform and hire you.

Check out Fiverr now.

11. 99Designs

If you are looking to work on a creative side and are experienced in things like graphic or web designing, then 99designs is a place to look for. 99designs is for creative jobs how Fiverr is for all jobs. You can freelance your creative services and earn money. Starting from logo designing to web designing there are many things to do here. Since this is a place for freelancers it is completely up to you when you wish to work. So late night work at home job seekers you are sorted. Pay: You can set your prices yourselves. Get paid up-front with 99designs. The payments will be processed within three business days once you become a top-level designer. You can also choose your clients. You can also earn by participating in different contests.

12. Upwork

This is another popular platform for freelancers to connect with businesses or individuals. One can find all kinds of businesses on Upwork that have different needs. You can be that one freelancer who can help them out. All these jobs are flexible and allow you to work on your terms. The pay varies with the kind of work you do and the business you collaborate with.

13. Design Crowd

This is a perfect place for all the creative people who are interested in web designing, logo designing, graphic designing, etc. You can find some great freelance positions here at the Design Crowd. You can register for free on their website and make yourselves available for clients. There are also certain events and contests happening occasionally that will help you earn a few more bucks.

Other Companies That Offer Late Night Work At Home Jobs:

14. TranscribeMe

If you are a transcriber and are looking for late-night work at home jobs then TranscribeMe is the place for you. This company offers both audio and video transcription services. Apart from transcription they also offer translation and data annotation services. So if you are interested and experienced in these fields you can apply for these jobs too.They clearly say on their website that work whenever or wherever you want and also as much or as little as you want. When this is the kind of flexibility you are looking for I hope you don’t miss this chance. Apart from these flexibilities they assure that the transcribers need not look for work, it will come to them once hired. All you got to do to join them is to register on the TranscribeMe website. After that, you will be sent an email verification after which you need to go through training and an exam to get hired. Pay: You can make $15-$20 per hour. The payment is made every week. Once you gain experience you also have the chance to get promoted to high positions.

15. Amazon Mechanical Turk

This is an outsourcing company that helps businesses and individuals by hiring crowd workers located remotely to perform certain tasks that computers cannot. Some of those discrete tasks that computers can’t perform include performing data de-duplication, transcribing audio recordings, researching data details, and many more. Amazon Mechanical Turk doesn’t want you to work at any particular time. You can work in your spare no matter if it is night also. You can visit their website and create a worker account to get started and earn money by accomplishing simple tasks. As millions of tasks are available, the pay rate varies with the kind of task you do. On average it is $2 per hour as a whole.

16. Rev

This is a transcription and closed captioning services company. You can work with Rev as much or as little as you want, whenever you want. There are numerous project options that you are free to choose from. If you are a freelance transcriber or a captioner and are looking for late-night jobs then you can join Rev by signing up on their website. After that you need to go through a quiz, then submit a sample of your work. If approved you can register and start working. The pay is $0.30-$1.10 per audio/video minute for transcriptionists and $0.54-$1.10 per audio/video minute for captioners.

17. LiveOps

This is a cloud call center services company where you can find some great work from home customer service agent jobs. LiveOps offers greater flexibility to its work from home employees. You can work just a few hours a week or a couple of times a month and can still make good money. This is basically for independent contractors who can work from their own home office. You can make $15-$20 per hour talk time.

18. ClickWorker

Clickworker is a crowdsourcing company that provides businesses with click workers who can do different micro-jobs.

Anyone using the internet across the world can join to work here and find jobs suitable to their interests. Starting from audio/video recording, mystery shopping to proofreading, etc. there a ton of jobs available here. The schedule is flexible. You need to simply signup and complete an assessment task to get jobs and thereby weekly payment. One can make an average of $9 per hour here.

19. Fancy Hands

This is a US-based company that offers virtual assistant services to different businesses. They offer services whenever their clients wish, which means that you can find late-night work at home VA job here. You can earn a minimum of $3 to $7 per hour at Fancy Hands. Check their website for current openings.

20. Appen Butler Hill

This company has a wide range of jobs for people seeking. Appen is well known for hiring work from home contractors to do different tasks. You can find flexible part-time jobs here. Though one is given feasibility in fixing their schedule they should work 5 hours a week. You can find here jobs that can pay ranging from $9 per hour to $30 per hour.

21. Scribie

This is an audio/video transcription services company. You can find work at home jobs at Scribie that you can do at your convenience. If you are proficient in English and have transcription skills don’t miss this chance. Submit your application via their website and take an online test to get hired.This home-based job can help you earn $5 to $25 per audio hour. You can also earn a monthly bonus of $5 for every 3 hours you completed.

22. TutorVista

This is a US-based online tutoring company. Anyone interested in teaching jobs can find some great full-time and part-time online tutoring jobs here. You can find classes in the evening as well as in the night that usually lasts for 45 minutes. Though it is your choice to work whenever you want, you must be able to work a minimum of 4 hours. One can earn up to $18 per hour tutoring with TutorVista.

23. Humanatic

This is a call reviewing company that offers flexible late-night work at home jobs. All the call recording that happens when you contact certain companies or brands is what companies like Humanatic do. You can join them and review calls for them for money. To be a Humanatic reviewer you need to register on their website and then choose the kind of calls you wish to review.

24. Tutor.com

One more online tutoring job for you. Because tutoring jobs are available round the clock most of these companies have taken a major portion of our list. Tutor.com allows you to work with them no matter which part of the world you are from. You can log in whenever you are free and start teaching. To join you need to fill an application on their website. The pay is $12 per hour on average. However, it changes with the subject and class you teach.

25. Lionbridge

This is an American localization and translation company. They also offer AI training data services. Lionbridge offers work anytime, anywhere opportunity which is great news for late-night job seekers. To join them you need to register and go through a skill evaluation test. Once you pass it you will be hired to do tasks like linguistic consultancy, transcription, translation, etc. based on your skills. On average the pay is $14-$16 per hour depending on different tasks.

26. LanguageLine Solutions

This is an American based language interpretation and document translation services company. They usually hire candidates with great interpreting skills. If you are one of them, try applying to work with this company. LanguageLine Solutions also hires work from home interpreters. They pay $12.75 to $20.45 per hour. Though they hire globally this job is more profitable to US residents than to others.

27. Time Etc

This virtual assistant services company has some great opportunities for freelance VAs. It is a great choice to work with Time Etc as you will be free to work whenever you wish. However, you need to make sure that you work at least 5 hours a week. You can earn $11-$16 per hour.

28. TextBroker

Writers, this for you. TextBroker is a content and article writing services company. This is a platform that connects freelance writers with businesses who are in need of writers. You can earn money writing for different blogs, product descriptions, etc. Register on their website, submit a writing sample, get a rating, and complete your profile get writing gigs from them. You can earn $9 to $12.60 per hour by writing for them.

29. Qkids

Teach from the comfort of your home and earn around $16 to $20 per hour with Qkids. This is a Chinese online tutoring company that wants its tutors to teach Chinese kids age 4-12 years. This job is only for US and Canadian residents. You are free to set your teaching schedule. This feasibility makes it another best option among the late-night work at home jobs list.

30. Media Bistro

This website like a job board for people looking for work in media. Media Bistro connects freelance workers to media professionals for marketing, advertising, publishing, and more.

31. Sutherland Global Services

This is a global digital transformation services company that also offers business process transformation. They have both full-time and part-time work from home opportunities with an emphasis on customer service. You will find all the flexibility and benefits you are looking for at Sutherland Global Services. You can earn $13 per hour as a remote engagement service provider for them.

32. PayPerPost

You can earn by writing reviews for different products and brands via their website. PayPerPost pays you for each review at the rate of $50 and more depending on the product.

33. Blogging Pro

If you love blogging but don’t have much time to maintain one then Blogging Pro is the place for you. You can find paid blogging or blog writing jobs here. Pay rates are competitive. The industry rates for a paid blog writer is around $13 to $25 per hour.

34. Toluna

Get rewarded for sharing your opinions at Toluna. You can also take surveys, play games, etc. to make money here. You can either win cash or Amazon gift cards. Just fill the form on their website and sign up with your mail id to get started.

35. Worldwide101

This company hires virtual assistants to carry out dedicated tasks for different brands and organizations. It is renamed as Boldly yet famous as Worldwide101. There are some rewarding remote work opportunities available here. However, they look for a minimum of 7 years of experience. They have a fixed pay rate for their employees which is $20 to $22 per hour.

36. Reasoning Mind

Yet another online tutoring opportunity. You need to have exceptional math skills to get hired here because this is a math educational company. The teachers here can do one on one tutoring or for small groups. You can work at any time during the 24 hrs we all have but that time must be fixed. So Reasoning Mind is a good option for those who wish to work late at night from home. They have competitive industry rates to pay for their tutors that are deposited via Paypal.

37. Live World

It is a software company that offers social media solutions to businesses to help them handle and build strong customer relationships. You can find some great social media management jobs on this platform. Live World pays $8-$11 per hour which is a good deal as you don’t have to stress too much about work or the time.

38. 3Play Media

This is a transcription, audio description, and closed captioning services company. They offer opportunities like transcript editor for different languages for contract workers. You must be able to transcribe and edit their videos using their prescribed software.

3Play Media pays $11 per hour for this job.

39. ModSquad

This is an American based company that offers customer support, content moderation, and social media management services. They have flexible job opportunities that you can also do remotely. You can find jobs in gaming and technology at ModSquad. They have a fixed pay per hour depending on the project you take up.

40. Pleio

It is a health and wellness company that offers patient engagement and medical adherence services. You can find some great work from home jobs at Pleio but make sure to meet their phone and PC needs before applying. You can earn $14 per hour by assisting patients on phone.

41. Learn Light

This is a consultancy services company that offers online language and soft skills courses. These courses would help you shine in this competitive business world that demands good communication. You can find virtual teacher jobs here at Learn Light. One can make $11-$15 per hour.

So these are a list of work-at-home jobs that you can do from your home either late-night or in the early hours. If you see most of them are flexible and you can do them whenever you want and as much time as you want. Now let us see how advantageous or disadvantageous working late-night is.

Conclusion

So that was all I had to say about late-night work at home jobs. Now it is up to you to decide what is right for you and choose a way to handle both your personal and professional life flawlessly. If you are someone who is already looking for such jobs then this is the right place for you and I hope you are benefitted from this article.